Internacionalización de las PyMEs del sector manufacturero del Ecuador post-Covid
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56183/iberoecb.v5i1.32Keywords:
Internacionalización, Pymes, digitalización, sostenibilidad, estrategias de expansiónAbstract
Las Pymes son el 98% de todos los establecimientos económicos del Ecuador y permiten el 56% de los puestos de empleo. Después de la pandemia por COVID-19 la internacionalización se convirtió en una prioridad global, impulsada por la digitalización, la sostenibilidad y la ayuda de los gobiernos. Este artículo presenta las estrategias y desafíos de la internacionalización de las Pymes manufactureras del Ecuador. El trabajo es una revisión exploratoria-descriptiva de fuentes secundarias y se basa en artículos científicos de Scopus, Web of Science y Scielo, informes del Banco Central del Ecuador, del FMI, BID y UNAM, y estudios del tema PyMEs e internacionalización publicados entre 2011 y 2025. Los resultados revelan que internacionalización se dio en Pymes que tenían modelos de negocio autónomos digitalizados o que contaban con madurez tecnológica, pero existen diferencias significativas entre ellas. La cooperación internacional tiene un rol primordial para llegar a mercados y recursos internacionales. El financiamiento, pese a sus retos, ha sido respaldado por préstamos. La diversificación de mercados impulsó algunos sectores como la agroindustria y la mueblería. La innovación y calidad, con prácticas verdes y uso de tecnología, son los principales diferenciadores. Finalmente, se detectaron que las principales barreras a la internacionalización son la estratégica y gerencial, limitaciones financieras, de conocimiento e innovación y regulatoria.
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